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精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      精密模具零件加工的磨削加工工藝

      模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)指裝配模(mo)具(ju)的(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；也可以指損壞后(hou)(hou)重(zhong)新安裝上(shang)的(de)模(mo)具(ju)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。精(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)一般是(shi)(shi)由許多零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)，可以分為(wei)兩類(lei)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和結構零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)直接對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)產品質量造成(cheng)(cheng)影響，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)決勝品質在(zai)當下的(de)精(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)用精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手段(duan)來完成(cheng)(cheng)。精(jing)密(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)關系(xi)到精(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)的(de)壽命(ming)和成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)產品，在(zai)精(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段(duan)除采用慢走絲線切(qie)割(ge)、電火花成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)手段(duan)外(wai)，另采用的(de)方法(fa)即是(shi)(shi)在(zai)半精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，熱處(chu)理基礎上(shang)磨削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       那么在(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)磨(mo)削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段需要(yao)控制好零件(jian)的(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)、內應力、形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)公差及尺寸精(jing)(jing)(jing)度等許多技術(shu)(shu)參(can)數。在(zai)具體的(de)(de)生產實踐中，操作困難較多，但是在(zai)東莞市時利和15年的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)驗中可以(yi)總結分析的(de)(de)出可以(yi)借鑒(jian)的(de)(de)方(fang)法：一、從模(mo)具的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程控制精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我們可以(yi)針對不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)模(mo)具零件(jian)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)和不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)要(yao)求進(jin)行適應性(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，提(ti)供(gong)選擇性(xing)方(fang)案。通過對加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)控制，達到更(geng)好的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效果(guo)和經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)是大多數精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)關注的(de)(de)重(zhong)點。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)模(mo)具配(pei)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程一般為(wei)：粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—（淬火、調(diao)質(zhi)）—精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)磨(mo)削—電加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—鉗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修(xiu)整—組裝(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

       在精密(mi)(mi)模(mo)具(ju)配件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)磨(mo)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)主要(yao)(yao)采用的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)有三種(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)類型：平面(mian)磨(mo)床(chuang)、內外圓磨(mo)床(chuang)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)成型磨(mo)削(xue)機(ji)床(chuang)。精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)磨(mo)削(xue)時要(yao)(yao)嚴格控制(zhi)磨(mo)削(xue)變形(xing)和磨(mo)削(xue)裂紋(wen)的(de)出現，哪怕是(shi)工(gong)(gong)件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)顯微裂紋(wen)，否則在后續的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中也會漸(jian)漸(jian)顯露出來(lai)。因此(ci)，精密(mi)(mi)磨(mo)削(xue)時的(de)進刀量(liang)要(yao)(yao)小，磨(mo)削(xue)中冷(leng)卻要(yao)(yao)充分，盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)擇冷(leng)卻液介質，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)在0.01mm內的(de)零件要(yao)(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)恒(heng)溫(wen)磨(mo)削(xue)。

       磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)修整砂輪(lun)，保持(chi)砂輪(lun)的(de)(de)銳利，當砂輪(lun)鈍化后(hou)會(hui)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)滑擦(ca)、刻劃、擠壓，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)燒傷、顯微(wei)裂痕或產生(sheng)溝槽，對以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)顯著(zhu)地降低效用(yong)(yong)。盤類、板(ban)類零件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大部(bu)分采用(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長而薄的(de)(de)薄板(ban)件(jian)時(shi)，有一定(ding)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)床磁力臺(tai)的(de)(de)強力吸引下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)原先(xian)存在(zai)某種彎曲(qu)產生(sheng)平(ping)(ping)直(zhi)形變，貼近于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)表(biao)面(mian)，待(dai)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)又(you)在(zai)原應力作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下變形回復，測(ce)量(liang)板(ban)件(jian)厚度(du)時(shi)顯示一致，但由于變形回復，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)達不到精(jing)密模具(ju)配件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應該(gai)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，解決的(de)(de)方法(fa)是磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)前以(yi)等高墊鐵墊在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)下面(mian)，四周(zhou)用(yong)(yong)擋(dang)塊擋(dang)住工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)防止走(zou)動(dong)，磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)頭進(jin)刀量(liang)要(yao)小，用(yong)(yong)多次走(zou)刀方式完成基準(zhun)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)，基準(zhun)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)好(hao)一面(mian)后(hou)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)這一基準(zhun)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)吸附(fu)在(zai)磁力臺(tai)上，通過如上所述的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)(xue)方法(fa)可(ke)改善大部(bu)分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)。